Tribo-Evaluation With Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach of Fly Ash-Filled Hybrid Flax/Basalt Fiber Reinforced Brake Friction Composites
Polymer Composites, cilt.46, sa.15, ss.14506-14522, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 46 Sayı: 15
- Basım Tarihi: 2025
- Doi Numarası: 10.1002/pc.70272
- Dergi Adı: Polymer Composites
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, INSPEC
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.14506-14522
- Anahtar Kelimeler: friction, natural fiber, optimization, polymer composite
- Kırklareli Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Natural fiber-reinforced composites have come to the fore as promising materials in many industries due to their eco-friendly structures and competitive mechanical properties. This study aims to examine the synergistic effects of two types of fibers on their mechanical and tribological properties, applying fly ash, which is an industrial waste, to develop alternative friction composites. Hybrid-reinforced friction composites based on various combinations of flax fiber/basalt fiber and fly ash were developed. The tribo performance was examined using a Krauss machine in line with Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) Regulation-90 (R90) protocol. The results have indicated that hybrid composites can exhibit significant improvements in friction behavior compared to single-fiber composites. The addition of flax fiber and fly ash to the composition effectively improved the coefficient of friction and fade resistance of the composite, although its effect on recovery ability was found to be relatively more limited. Accordingly, the amount of wear was found to have increased. An increased content of basalt fiber resulted in a higher recovery response and improved wear resistance. The worn surface morphologies revealed that topographical differences affected the friction and wear response. It was observed that the experimental results depend on the composition and that a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach is necessary to prioritize the best alternative. Therefore, according to the integrated AHP (analytical hierarchy process) and GRA (grey relation analysis) optimization applied, the F4B10 composite containing 4% flax fiber, 10% basalt fiber, and 6% fly ash was determined to have met the best performance criteria.