Six Key Issues for Resilient Community Assessment in the Context of Urban Planning Against Disaster Risk
Theories, Techniques, Strategies For Spatial Planners and Designers: Planning, Design, Applications, Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., ss.913-928, 2021
- Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Araştırma Kitabı
- Basım Tarihi: 2021
- Yayınevi: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc.
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.913-928
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Natural disasters, Resilient community indicators, Social and economic vulnerability indicators, Social resilience, Urban planning
- Kırklareli Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Disaster risk reduction and management is the management, organization and planning business that calculates the probabilities of disasters, aims to prevent damage and/ or reduce harm, and aims to restore society, economy, and physical structure to order after the disaster. In the last two decades, especially with the Hyogo Framework Action Plan of 2005, the concept of resilience has brought significant openings to disaster risk management and has been internationally accepted. The concept of resilience refers to the capacity of systems that they develop in order not to lose their key components against regular, irregular changes and stress factors, shocks, and surprises. The concept includes the meanings of defense, adaptation, and survival with transformation and change. There are two complementary approaches to disaster risk reduction and management that develop with the idea of resilience. The first is to provide disaster risk management for resilient communities and cities. The second is building resilient communities and cities for disaster risk management. The main goal is for societies and cities to sustain their existence by improving their existing social, economic, and spatial values. However, these values are vulnerable to natural threats, which are uncertain when and how severe they will occur due to some deficiencies, incorrect evaluations, or immaturity. This state of openness or situations that increase the severity of being affected by threats are called vulnerabilities. In addition to normalization of these vulnerabilities, resilience is evaluated according to the institutional, spatial, and technological capacity that can be developed according to the disaster issue. Various indicators and index studies have been developed to evaluate resilience. These studies can be studied in different details by separating resilience with spatial sampling according to country, region, city, and neighborhood scales. However, these different approaches are evaluated mainly under four basic headings: social dynamics, physical environmental conditions, economic dynamics, and institutional structuring. It is important to make these assessments to improve institutional capacity and to ensure balanced transfer of resources according to deficiencies. Urban and regional planning are documents that produce solutions in terms of maintaining balance in land use, guiding construction, developing balanced sectoral distribution, and managing infrastructure in this context. They are guidelines on the socialeconomic-ecological sustainability of corporate structuring and spatial arrangements that take into account justice. Including community in conjunction with participatory processes in the production process of plan decisions; It prevents the plan decisions from being an external pressure factor on the society and provides the return of internalization and sense of ownership of the living environment. This situation is considered an important input in disaster risk reduction and management. In summary, in the process of disaster risk reduction and management, city plans are guidelines describing spatial development, also it is a means of institutional structuring involved in the flow of information and communication that establishes the community-space connection. In this context, urban planning during disaster risk reducing and management for resilient communities should not only focus on reducing harm before the disaster, but also include the goal of returning life to normal in its safest form after the disaster. It should also include spatial, economic, and ecological resilience and social resilience as a whole. City plans produced with this vision should also be able to make a comprehensive assessment of social resilience. The purpose of this study is to evaluate which issues, how social resilience assessment can be addressed within the scope of urban planning and how it can be integrated into the urban planning process and implementation decisions. Six main issues have been identified for evaluation. How these issues can be included in the urban planning process and planning decisions has been discussed.